The world is full of diverse and fascinating countries, each with its own culture, history, and geography.
Some of these countries are so large that they span multiple continents, while others are so small that they can fit inside a single city.
In this article, we will explore the smallest countries in the world by area, and learn some interesting facts about them.
Vatican City: 0.49 km²/0.17 mi²
Vatican City holds the titles of both the world’s smallest country and the smallest sovereign state in terms of both population and area.
Situated in Rome, Italy, it serves as the central hub for the Roman Catholic Church and the official residence of the Pope.
This independent state was established in 1929 through the Lateran Treaty between Italy and the Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church.
The population of Vatican City is approximately 825 individuals, mainly consisting of clergy, diplomats, and guards.
While it isn’t a United Nations member, it maintains observer status and upholds diplomatic ties with 183 countries.
Monaco: 2 km²/0.78 mi²
Monaco, situated on the French Riviera in Western Europe, holds the distinction of being the world’s second-smallest country.
Known for its opulent lifestyle, renowned casino, prestigious Grand Prix, and regal lineage, Monaco exudes luxury.
With a population of approximately 39,000 and a staggering GDP per capita exceeding $185,000, it ranks among the wealthiest and most densely populated nations globally.
The House of Grimaldi has governed Monaco since 1297, with the present ruler being Prince Albert II.
Operating as a constitutional monarchy, Monaco’s political system features a unicameral parliament and a minister of state appointed by the prince.
Additionally, Monaco maintains membership in esteemed international organizations such as the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the Eurozone.
Nauru: 21 km²/8.1 mi²
Nauru, situated in the Pacific Ocean, holds the distinction of being the third smallest country globally.
It not only claims the title of the smallest island nation but also the smallest republic in the world.
With a population of approximately 11,000, primarily indigenous Nauruans of Micronesian descent, the nation grapples with a history of prosperity through phosphate mining.
However, the depletion of these resources led to economic and environmental struggles.
Currently, Nauru relies on foreign aid and income from hosting Australian refugees. While lacking an official capital, the government functions from the Yaren District.
Nauru maintains memberships in significant international organizations like the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Pacific Islands Forum.
Tuvalu: 26 km²/10 mi²
Tuvalu, an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, holds the distinction of being the fourth smallest country worldwide.
Comprising nine coral atolls, it spans a mere 26 km² and sustains a population of approximately 11,600 individuals.
The majority of Tuvaluans are of Polynesian descent, with Tuvaluan and English as their primary languages.
Formerly a British colony, Tuvalu achieved independence in 1978. It operates as a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II serving as its head of state and a prime minister as the head of government.
However, Tuvalu faces significant vulnerability to climate change and rising sea levels, given its highest point stands at a mere 4.6 meters above sea level.
This nation holds membership in prominent international bodies, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Pacific Islands Forum.
List of the Smallest Countries in the World
| # | Country | Land Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vatican City | 0.44 km² |
| 2 | Monaco | 2.03 km² |
| 3 | Nauru | 20 km² |
| 4 | Macau | 32.9 km² |
| 5 | Norfolk Island | 40 km² |
| 6 | Bermuda | 54 km² |
| 7 | San Marino | 60 km² |
| 8 | Anguilla | 90 km² |
| 9 | Montserrat | 100 km² |
| 10 | British Virgin Islands | 150 km² |
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Conclusion
These are just some of the smallest countries in the world by area, but there are many more that deserve recognition for their unique features and achievements.
Some other examples are San Marino (61 km²), Liechtenstein (160 km²), Marshall Islands (181 km²), Saint Kitts and Nevis (261 km²), Maldives (300 km²), and Malta (316 km²).
These small countries may not have much land or population, but they have rich cultures, histories, and identities that make them stand out on the world map.
